Science, Space, & Robotics - Page 151

A new video has been posted to the NASA Goddard YouTube channel that details a discovery made with the Hubble Space Telescope.

NASA explains that humans have been observing Jupiter (and some other planets) for centuries, and out of all of the accumulated data humans have acquired, Jupiter is always depicted as having a Great Red Spot. This is definitely the most defining feature about the planet, and in the past, astronomers have observed the Spot shrinking in size as well as becoming more circular rather than oval.

Hubble was pointed at the Great Red Spot, and over the years, annual images revealed that the Spot was changing. The Spot is a storm with wind speeds exceeding 400 miles per hour, but what researchers noticed was that the wind speed on the outermost edge of the storm increased by 8% from 2009 to 2020. Additionally, the researchers observed the wind speed at the center of the storm decreasing. NASA says in the video that the answer for this strange discovery is yet to be found.

A new image has been released of the surface of Earth's only natural satellite, and its being described as the highest-resolution image of the Moon ever.

ScienceAlert reports that the image is of the Tycho Crater and was taken by the National Science Foundation's Green Bank Telescope that is stationed in West Virginia. The telescope was recently upgraded with a new radar transmitter that sends pulses out into space that then bounce of the target - in this case, the Tycho Crater.

The National Radio Astronomy Observatory then collects the bounced signals, compares them, and then produces an image. The result is what you can see above, and according to ScienceAlert, the image contains about 1.4 billion pixels. As for the size of the Tycho Crater, the image fully encompasses its diameter that measures 53 miles.

Space is slowly becoming accessible to private citizens, with the recent Inspiration4 launch marking the first all-civilian spaceflight. One day humans will venture to Mars, and one of them will be SpaceX CEO Elon Musk.

Back in 2018, in an interview with Axios, Musk was several questions about his plan on putting humans on the Red Planet, and the chances of him participating in a trip. Musk said that there is a 70% chance that he'll live long enough to be able to go to Mars. Musk goes on to say that he is "talking about moving there". Musk was then asked if colonizing Mars will be "an escape" for rich people as the target price for a ticket is a "couple hundred thousand".

Musk goes on to explain that Mars won't be an "escape" for the rich as the probability of dying on the Red Planet is significantly higher than Earth. Musk added that the advertisement for going to Mars will be a lot like "Shackleton's ad for going to the Antarctic. It's going to be hard. There's a good chance of death, going in a little can through deep space. You might land successfully, once you land successfully, you'll be working nonstop to build the base."

The European Space Agency's Rosetta spacecraft landed on the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko back in 2014, and now the comet is making a very fast approach towards Earth.

The achievement of landing on the comet with the Rosetta spacecraft in August of 2014 put 67P on the map. The Rosetta spacecraft traveled with the comet for two years, and in during that time, it sent down Rosetta's lander that touched down on the surface of the comet. Now, 67P is on its way to making its closest approach with Earth for the next 193 years. Next closest approach will be in 2214.

67P will pass safely pass Earth between November 11 and November 12 at a distance of about 38 million miles. The world-famous comet was first discovered back in 1969 by Soviet and Ukrainian astronomer Klim Churyumov. The comet's orbital period has been calculated to be 6.45 years, meaning it takes 6.45 years to complete its full orbit around the Sun. Additionally, it's traveling at a ridiculous speed of 84,000 mph. For more information on this story, check out this link here.

The space race between SpaceX's Elon Musk and Blue Origin's Jeff Bezos and Virgin Galactic's Richard Branson has been heating up for a while.

Blue Origin founder Jeff Bezos missed out on NASA's $2.9 billion contracts to construct a new lunar lander. The contract was awarded to SpaceX, and since that decision was made, Blue Origin has been making moves to get the decision overturned, even going as far as to sue NASA. The lawsuits and efforts on Blue Origins' behalf to get the decision overturned have caused major delays with the construction of SpaceX's lunar lander, which has thrown the timeline of humans getting back onto the Moon by 2024 into jeopardy.

As you can probably imagine, the constant stopping and starting with SpaceX's lunar construction would be very frustrating for everyone involved. SpaceX CEO Elon Musk has previously voiced his concerns over Blue Origin's decision to sue NASA, even going as far as to pay out Jeff Bezos, "Turns out Besos retired in order to pursue a full-time job filing lawsuits against SpaceX". Now, Musk has fired another shot off at Bezos during an interview at CodeCon 2021.

Amazon has just unveiled its first-ever household robot with the introduction of Astro, a new autonomous robot that listens to your voice commands and drives around your house on wheels.

The new Amazon Astro robot would wheel around your house when you're not home, and will keep an eye on things at home while you're away. It will patrol your home like a gimped Terminator, but on wheels and it looks harmless, and will send you a push notification if something happens at home. You can even have a live view of your house from you're phone while you're out of the house, if that's what you want.

Astro can move around a fair bit, and has multiple movements and expressions through its LCD-as-a-face, and front-facing cameras that will identify you, and show the world to you through Astro's all-seeing eyes. If you're concerned about privacy, you can tweak Astro with "out of bounds" zones where Amazon's robot can't go.

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has announced a successful test flight of a new weapon called HAWC.

DARPA, along with the U.S. Air Force, conducted a successful test flight of the Hypersonic Air-breathing Weapon Concept (HAWC). The new weapon concept is a missile that is released from an aircraft; the difference between HAWC and traditional missiles is that HAWC's engine compresses incoming air that has been mixed with hydrocarbon fuel.

HAWC's engines then ignite the mixture of fast-flowing air and hydrocarbon fuel, creating an explosive amount of thrust that causes HAWC to travel five times greater than the speed of sound (Mach 5). DARPA states in its announcement that the missile operates best in "oxygen-rich" atmospheres and that the success of the test flight is a demonstration that a hypersonic missile could strike a target much more quickly than subsonic missiles.

A new post has appeared on the NASA History Office Twitter account that details a stunning image captured with the Hubble Space Telescope.

NASA explains that the above image of the Lagoon Nebula was captured with the long-running Hubble Space Telescope back in 1995. The image showcases what is described as "Giant Twisters" that are "analogous" to tornadoes we see here on Earth. NASA explains that the Giant Twisters share the same differences in temperature as tornadoes, with the surface being hot and the interior being colder.

This interaction between the two temperatures creates a horizontal shear that causes the clouds to twist. As for the Lagoon Nebula, the nebula is technically classified as an emission nebula and is located in the constellation Sagittarius. It was first discovered back in 1654 by the Italian astronomer Giovanni Hodierna and is one of the only two star-forming nebulae that are faintly visible to the eye from mid-northern latitudes. For more information on this story, check out this link here.

A report from the American Meteor Society has confirmed the presence of a blazing visitor from space entering Earth's atmosphere.

NASA has taken to its NASA Meteor Watch Facebook page to confirm that on September 26, at around 7:40 pm, a fireball was spotted over North Carolina. According to the post, the meteor was spotted by more than 80 people and skimmed across the coast of North Carolina at the speed of 32,000 miles per hour.

The meteor didn't cause any damage and eventually disintegrated. According to the post from NASA, the meteor disintegrated "28 miles above Morehead City, after traveling 26 miles through Earth's upper atmosphere." Additionally, NASA notes that this wasn't the only meteor to be spotted in the night sky on September 26 as there were reports for at least five meteors seen over the United States. For more information on this story, check out this link here.

A team of researchers has published a new paper in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society that details the hunt for hyper-intelligent alien life.

The team of researchers is looking for K3 lifeforms, which are lifeforms that meet the requirements of the Kardashev scale that Soviet astronomer Nikolai Kardashev proposed in 1964. The Kardashev scale is a way to measure the level of technological advancement a civilization has achieved. For example, humans are currently sitting at a Type 1 civilization as we are yet to successfully harness the full power of our local star, the Sun.

For a civilization to be deemed a Type 3, or a K3 civilization, the lifeforms would be able to harness the power of a black hole, stars, and quasars - something humans aren't even close to being able to achieve (yet). The researchers believe that these advanced technologies, such as a Dyson sphere, would leave behind infrared emissions that can be detected with instruments here on Earth.

In celebration of being on Mars for 1,000 Martian days, or sols, NASA's InSight lander recorded one of the largest and longest-lasting Marsquakes that has ever been detected throughout the mission.

According to a new press release posted to NASA's Mars Exploration Program website, the InSight lander successfully recorded an estimated 4.2 magnitude Marsquake that lasted for around an hour and a half on September 18. NASA explained that this latest Marsquake recording is the third major Marsquake that has been detected in the last month.

For context or a different perspective, the previous record-holder for Marsquake levels in terms of magnitude was a 3.7 magnitude quake that was detected back in 2019. NASA states that a "magnitude 4.2 quake has five times the energy" than a 3.7 magnitude quake. The data acquired by the InSight lander will allow researchers to understand Mars' geological activity much better, which will pave the way forward for an accurate and effective landing when that time arrives.

NASA launched a new satellite that is designed to monitor Earth's land surface and provide data that will inform us about Earth's climate crisis.

Through a new press release, NASA explains that the Landsat missions have been in place for the last 50 years, with the first Landsat satellite being launched back in 1972. Each of the Landsat satellites is designed to monitor Earth. They are essentially our eyes in the sky when it comes to observing our ever-changing planet from above.

Now, NASA has launched Landsat 9, which will join Landsat 8 in Earth's orbit. Both of the satellites will work in tandem and collect images of the entire planet every eight days. NASA is partnered with the U.S. Geological Survey and launched the Landsat 9 on the back of a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket. The new satellite is performing as expected and is currently traveling to its final orbital altitude of 438 miles.

The winner of the Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition for 2021 has been selected, and the image showcases an incredible solar eclipse.

The winner of this year's competition is Shuchang Dong of China, who captured the above image during a solar eclipse that happens every year. The Royal Observatory Greenwich in England gives the award, and according to judge Steve Marsh, "you feel as if you could reach into the sky and place this onto your finger". So, what did Dong win?

The competition for the best astrophotography image of the year has been running for thirteen consecutive years. The competition winners are awarded a cash prize and have their photographs exhibited at the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich. It should be noted that Dong's "The Golden Ring" image also snagged first place in the competition's "Our Sun" category. If you are interested in checking out more of the winning images in their respective categories, check out this link here.

William Shatner will be flying off into familiar, yet unexplored territory next month: with the Star Trek actor flying off into space with Amazon founder Jeff Bezos.

Shatner will join Bezos in a Blue Origin capsule that will be blasting away from the Earth for a 15-minute ride, all filmed for a documentary. Shatner might be going to space, but the mission is completely secret -- Shatner, or Blue Origin will be commenting on the news.

Captain James Tiberius Kirk, otherwise known as William Shatner, will become the oldest person in space at 90 years old. Before Shatner, Wally Funk -- a former test pilot -- was 82 years old when he joined Bezos and Blue Origin's first-crewed flight into space earlier this year.

New South Wales residents down in Australia got quite the sight overnight, with many Australians thinking they're looking at a UFO scooting across the night sky.

It looks very similar to other spirals and objects that look similar in the sky, that normally get blamed on rockets -- with this one being no different. China reportedly launched its new Long March 3B rocket at around 6:20PM local time in Sydney last night, and then the "rocket" was seen over Sydney "about 30 minutes later" according to local news outlets.

China's new Long March 3B rocket reportedly crashed down into the Indian Ocean, southwest of Sri Lanka and north of the Maldives. China's Manned Space Engineering Office reports that most of the 22-tonne spacecraft burned up during re-entry, and is what the media (at least in Australia) is blaming for what thousands of Aussies thought was probably a UFO, portal or something similar opening up in front of their eyes.

Researchers currently have two ways of determining the size of a meteor hitting Earth; observing the impact and measuring the size of the crater the meteor leaves behind.

The largest crater that has ever been discovered on Earth is known as the Vredefort Crater, located in South Africa. The meteor that caused the crater, which stretches some 190 miles in diameter, is estimated to be around 6 miles wide. The largest meteor to have entered Earth's atmosphere is called the Chelyabinsk meteor, and it exploded over the Russian city of Chelyabinsk that was home to more than one million people in 2013.

The Chelyabinsk asteroid was just 50 feet in diameter and exploded with a force the same as 440,000 tons of TNT exploding. As meteors enter the atmosphere, they begin to heat up, catch fire and break apart. As Chelyabinsk approached the surface of Earth, it exploded just 18 miles above the surface, damaging more than 7,200 buildings and injuring more than 1,200 people. The government estimated that the repair costs to be around $33 million.

Researchers have claimed that they have identified and isolated cells from a dinosaur that lived 125 million years ago.

The research comes from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and from the Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature. Researchers have said that they have found organic molecules and fossilized chromatin in the cartilage of Caudipteryx, which was a dinosaur that is believed to be around the size of a peacock. According to the researchers, two types of cells were found; healthy cells and cells that were decaying when the dinosaur was dying.

Additionally, the researchers noted that cells were most likely "exquisitely preserved" by silicon dioxide that was in volcanic ash that covered the dinosaur's body. LI Zhiheng, Associate Professor at IVPP and co-author on the study, explained, "Geological data has accumulated over the years and shown that fossil preservation in the Jehol Biota was exceptional due to fine volcanic ashes that entombed the carcasses and preserved them down to the cellular level."

NASA has released a new image onto the Hubble Twitter account that showcases a spectacular cosmic view of our Milky Way galaxy.

NASA has taken to its official website to explain the absolutely incredible image that NASA's Hubble Space Telescope captured. The image above is of a globular cluster officially named ESO 520-21, but also goes by the name Palomar 6. A globular cluster is a densely packed collection of ancient stars, and as for Palomar 6, this globular cluster is located close to the center of the Milky Way.

Researchers used Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 and Advanced Camera for Survey to take this phenomenal image. Looking at the image, you can see that some of the stars have a red hue bleeding out from the X shape that is being made. NASA explains as light travels back to Earth, interstellar absorption influences the wavelengths of light, which can change the colors of astronomical objects, making it difficult for researchers to determine the properties of those objects accurately. Astronomers have dubbed this process "reddening".

Probably the most widely believed theory for how the Moon came to be is a singular collision occurring billions of years ago with a very young Earth.

However, a new study that has been recently published in The Planetary Science Journal has suggested a new theory that builds upon the main one. Erik Asphaug, a professor at the University of Arizona's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, and fellow colleagues, have conducted computer simulations involving a celestial body the size of Mars (named Theia) colliding with a proto-Earth around 4.4 billion years ago.

Rolling back the clock through these simulations, researchers found that a new theory was much better suited to the end result of what we observe today. The researchers suggest that Theia collided with Earth at a much faster speed than previously anticipated, which caused a "hit and run" incident that teed up Theia and Earth to collide again sometime 100,000 to 1 million years after the initial collision.

Hurricane Sam has been officially categorized as a Category 4 storm that has winds topping 150 mph. Will it reach land?

Storms are highly unpredictable and can change direction and speed at any given moment. However, that doesn't mean approximate forecasts can't be done. A meteorologist from AccuWeather, Bernie Rayno, said that a due west path for Hurricane Sam isn't very like, "But if that jet stream dip sets up farther west or meanders westward, then there is room for Sam to get very close to the U.S. next weekend."

Due to how large Sam is, meteorologists are still dropping warnings for a possible rise in ocean levels along the Atlantic coast from central Florida to Maine, as well as dangerous surf and rip currents. Officials expect that the aforementioned effects of Sam being east of the U.S. will begin along the southern U.S. coast this week as the storm continues on its path north over the weekend, where those same effects will occur in surrounding locations.